Nakajima — 2 museum-grade prints across the catalogue. The Ki-43 Hayabusa defined Japanese Army fighter doctrine in the opening year of the Pacific War — a philosophy that prioritised manoeuvrability over survivability until Allied pilots adapted tactics and brought superior firepower. Oscar pilots over Malaya, Burma, and China taught Commonwealth and American units harsh lessons about turn combat before the arrival of Hellcats and Mustangs shifted the calculus. The Ki-84 Hayate represented Japan's most credible attempt to field a late-war fighter that could meet Allied escorts on equal terms — a design shift from the ultra-light Ki-43 philosophy toward armour and firepower American pilots already took for granted. Allied test reports of captured Frank airframes praised handling and climb when engines were properly maintained, even as homeland production chaos limited the type's operational impact.