Precision cosmology era — 2 museum-grade prints from the period. WMAP's nine-year data release became the reference cosmology for a generation of astrophysics textbooks — every quoted universe age, flatness parameter, and baryon fraction traced back to this mission's power spectrum fit. Charles Bennett's team shared the 2018 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics for the work. COBE ended decades of debate about whether the cosmic microwave background was truly uniform, revealing the tiny fluctuations that seeded galaxies and clusters. Its results underpinned inflationary cosmology models and set the precision bar WMAP (2001) and Planck later surpassed.